4 Preparing auditlog table for partitioning

Overview

Some databases (for example, MySQL) require the partitioning column to be part of the table's unique constraint. Therefore, to partition the auditlog table by time, the primary key must be changed from auditid to a composite key auditid + clock.

This section provides instructions for altering the primary key of the auditlog table.

Partitioning the auditlog table can improve, for example, housekeeping in large setups. Although Zabbix housekeeping currently cannot take advantage of partitioned tables (except for TimescaleDB), you can disable Zabbix housekeeping and delete partitions using scripts.

Since Zabbix 7.0, the auditlog table for TimescaleDB has been converted to a hypertable, which allows the housekeeper to drop data by chunks. To upgrade the existing auditlog table to a hypertable, rerun the timescaledb.sql script (located in database/postgresql), before starting Zabbix server. Zabbix server will log a warning, if started without running this script first. See also: TimescaleDB setup.

MySQL

Important notes on rebuilding indexes

MySQL automatically rebuilds indexes for the primary key during the ALTER TABLE operation. However, it is highly recommended to also manually rebuild indexes with the OPTIMIZE TABLE statement to ensure optimal database performance.

Rebuilding indexes may temporarily require as much additional disk space as the table itself uses. To obtain the current size of data and indexes, you can execute the following statements:

ANALYZE TABLE auditlog;
       SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'auditlog';

If the available disk space is a concern, follow the Altering primary key without downtime instructions. Other options are also available:

• Increasing the sort_buffer_size MySQL parameter may help to reduce disk space usage when manually rebuilding indexes. However, modifying this variable may impact overall memory usage of the database.
• Consider freeing up space by deleting potentially unnecessary data.
• Consider decreasing the Data storage period housekeeper parameter before executing the housekeeper.

Altering primary key with downtime

1. Drop the current auditlog table primary key and add the new primary key.

ALTER TABLE auditlog DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD PRIMARY KEY (auditid, clock);

2. Rebuild indexes (optional but highly recommended, see Important notes on rebuilding indexes).

OPTIMIZE TABLE auditlog;

Altering primary key without downtime

Manual method of altering the primary key is described here. Alternatively, you can use the pt-online-schema-change toolkit from Percona. This toolkit performs the following actions automatically, while also minimizing the space used for altering the auditlog table.

1. Create a new table with the new primary key and create indexes.

CREATE TABLE `auditlog_new` (
         `auditid`            varchar(25)                               NOT NULL,
         `userid`             bigint unsigned                           NULL,
         `username`           varchar(100)    DEFAULT ''                NOT NULL,
         `clock`              integer         DEFAULT '0'               NOT NULL,
         `ip`                 varchar(39)     DEFAULT ''                NOT NULL,
         `action`             integer         DEFAULT '0'               NOT NULL,
         `resourcetype`       integer         DEFAULT '0'               NOT NULL,
         `resourceid`         bigint unsigned                           NULL,
         `resource_cuid`      varchar(25)                               NULL,
         `resourcename`       varchar(255)    DEFAULT ''                NOT NULL,
         `recordsetid`        varchar(25)                               NOT NULL,
         `details`            longtext                                  NOT NULL,
         PRIMARY KEY (auditid,clock)
       ) ENGINE=InnoDB;
       CREATE INDEX `auditlog_1` ON `auditlog_new` (`userid`,`clock`);
       CREATE INDEX `auditlog_2` ON `auditlog_new` (`clock`);
       CREATE INDEX `auditlog_3` ON `auditlog_new` (`resourcetype`,`resourceid`);

2. Swap tables.

RENAME TABLE auditlog TO auditlog_old, auditlog_new TO auditlog;

3. Copy data from the old table to the new table.

INSERT INTO auditlog SELECT * FROM auditlog_old;

This can be done in chunks (multiple INSERT INTO statements with WHERE clock clauses as needed) to avoid excessive resource usage.

4. Drop the old table.

DROP TABLE auditlog_old;

PostgreSQL

Important notes on rebuilding indexes

PostgreSQL automatically rebuilds indexes for the primary key during the ALTER TABLE operation. However, it is highly recommended to also manually rebuild indexes with the REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY statement to ensure optimal database performance.

Rebuilding indexes may temporarily require up to three times of disk space currently used by indexes. To obtain the current size of indexes, you can execute the following query:

SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_indexes_size('auditlog'));

If the available disk space is a concern, follow the Altering primary key without downtime instructions. Other options are also available:

• Increasing the maintenance_work_mem PostgreSQL parameter may help to reduce disk space usage when manually rebuilding indexes. However, modifying this variable may impact overall memory usage of the database.
• If you have another disk or tablespace with more available space, you might consider changing the temporary storage location for the index rebuild. You can set the temp_tablespaces PostgreSQL parameter to specify a different tablespace for temporary objects.
• Consider freeing up space by deleting potentially unnecessary data.
• Consider decreasing the Data storage period housekeeper parameter before executing the housekeeper.

Altering primary key with downtime

1. Drop the current auditlog table primary key and add the new primary key.

ALTER TABLE auditlog DROP CONSTRAINT auditlog_pkey;
       ALTER TABLE auditlog ADD PRIMARY KEY (auditid,clock);

2. Rebuild indexes (optional but highly recommended, see Important notes on rebuilding indexes).

REINDEX TABLE CONCURRENTLY auditlog;

Altering primary key without downtime

Manual method of altering the primary key is described here. Alternatively, the pg_repack extension can be considered for creating a new table, copying data, and swapping tables.

1. Create a new table with the new primary key and create indexes.

CREATE TABLE auditlog_new (
         auditid              varchar(25)                               NOT NULL,
         userid               bigint                                    NULL,
         username             varchar(100)    DEFAULT ''                NOT NULL,
         clock                integer         DEFAULT '0'               NOT NULL,
         ip                   varchar(39)     DEFAULT ''                NOT NULL,
         action               integer         DEFAULT '0'               NOT NULL,
         resourcetype         integer         DEFAULT '0'               NOT NULL,
         resourceid           bigint                                    NULL,
         resource_cuid        varchar(25)                               NULL,
         resourcename         varchar(255)    DEFAULT ''                NOT NULL,
         recordsetid          varchar(25)                               NOT NULL,
         details              text            DEFAULT ''                NOT NULL,
         PRIMARY KEY (auditid,clock)
       );
       CREATE INDEX auditlog_new_1 ON auditlog_new (userid,clock);
       CREATE INDEX auditlog_new_2 ON auditlog_new (clock);
       CREATE INDEX auditlog_new_3 ON auditlog_new (resourcetype,resourceid);

2. Swap tables.

ALTER TABLE auditlog RENAME TO auditlog_old;
       ALTER TABLE auditlog_new RENAME TO auditlog;

3. Copy data from the old table to the new table.

INSERT INTO auditlog SELECT * FROM auditlog_old;

This can be done in chunks (multiple INSERT INTO statements with WHERE clock clauses as needed) to avoid excessive resource usage.

4. Drop the old table.

DROP TABLE auditlog_old;

Oracle

Important notes on rebuilding indexes

Oracle automatically rebuilds indexes for the primary key during the ALTER TABLE operation. However, it is highly recommended to also manually rebuild indexes with the ALTER INDEX <index> REBUILD PARALLEL statements to ensure optimal database performance.

Rebuilding indexes may temporarily require significant disk space.

If the available disk space is a concern, follow the Altering primary key without downtime instructions. Other options are also available:

• Increasing the SORT_AREA_SIZE Oracle parameter may help to reduce disk space usage when manually rebuilding indexes. However, modifying this variable will impact the overall memory usage of the database.
• You can set parallel degree using the PARALLEL clause, for example: ALTER INDEX auditlog_1 REBUILD PARALLEL 4
• Consider freeing up space by deleting potentially unnecessary data.
• Consider decreasing the Data storage period housekeeper parameter before executing the housekeeper.

Altering primary key with downtime

1. Retrieve the constraint name.

SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM all_constraints WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'AUDITLOG' AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'P';

2. Drop the current auditlog table primary key and add the new primary key.

ALTER TABLE auditlog DROP CONSTRAINT <constraint_name>;
       ALTER TABLE auditlog ADD CONSTRAINT auditlog_pk PRIMARY KEY (auditid, clock);

3. Rebuild indexes (optional but highly recommended, see Important notes on rebuilding indexes).

3.1. Get index names.

SELECT index_name FROM user_indexes WHERE table_name='AUDITLOG';

3.2. Rebuild each index.

ALTER INDEX auditlog_pk REBUILD PARALLEL;
       ALTER INDEX auditlog_1 REBUILD PARALLEL;
       ALTER INDEX auditlog_2 REBUILD PARALLEL;
       ALTER INDEX auditlog_3 REBUILD PARALLEL;

Altering primary key without downtime

1. Create a new table with the new primary key and create indexes.

CREATE TABLE auditlog_new (
         auditid              nvarchar2(25)                             ,
         userid               number(20)                                NULL,
         username             nvarchar2(100)  DEFAULT ''                ,
         clock                number(10)      DEFAULT '0'               NOT NULL,
         ip                   nvarchar2(39)   DEFAULT ''                ,
         action               number(10)      DEFAULT '0'               NOT NULL,
         resourcetype         number(10)      DEFAULT '0'               NOT NULL,
         resourceid           number(20)                                NULL,
         resource_cuid        nvarchar2(25)                             ,
         resourcename         nvarchar2(255)  DEFAULT ''                ,
         recordsetid          nvarchar2(25)                             ,
         details              nclob           DEFAULT ''                ,
         PRIMARY KEY (auditid,clock)
       );
       CREATE INDEX auditlog_new_1 ON auditlog_new (userid,clock);
       CREATE INDEX auditlog_new_2 ON auditlog_new (clock);
       CREATE INDEX auditlog_new_3 ON auditlog_new (resourcetype,resourceid);

2. Swap tables.

ALTER TABLE auditlog RENAME TO auditlog_old;
       ALTER TABLE auditlog_new RENAME TO auditlog;

3. Copy data from the old table to the new table.

INSERT INTO auditlog SELECT * FROM auditlog_old;

This can be done in chunks (multiple INSERT INTO statements with WHERE clock clauses as needed) to avoid excessive resource usage.

4. Drop the old table.

DROP TABLE auditlog_old;

See also

• Database upgrade to primary keys and double precision data types