1 宏函数

宏函数提供自定义 macro 值的功能（例如，缩短或提取特定的子字符串）使它们更容易处理。

所有在这里列出的函数都支持所有类型的宏：

• 内置宏
• 用户宏
• 低级别自动发现宏
• 表达式宏

这些宏函数可以在支持上述宏的所有位置使用。 除非明确指定只能使用宏（例如，在配置 主机宏 或低级别自动发现规则 过滤器时），否则适用此规则。

这些函数列出时未提供额外信息。点击函数以查看完整详情。

Supported functions

The functions are listed without additional information. Click on the function to see the full details.

函数详情

宏函数的语法如下：

{macro.func(params)}

• macro - 要定义的宏，例如 {ITEM.VALUE} 或者 {#LLDMACRO};
• func - 要应用的函数；
• params - 以逗号分隔的函数参数列表， 如果满足以下情况必须用引号引起来：
  • 参数以空格或双引号开头；
  • 包含闭合括号 "``" 或逗号。

可选的函数参数用 < > 表示。

btoa

Encoding a macro value into Base64 encoding. Base64 encoding is a method for representing binary data as text, useful for storing and secure transmission of binary content over text-based protocols.

Example:

{{ITEM.VALUE}.btoa()} - Base64-encode a value like "zabbix" into "emFiYml4"

fmtnum(digits)

用于控制小数点后打印的数字位数。

参数：

• digits - t小数点后的位数。有效范围为：0-20。不会产生最后一位是零。

示例：

fmttime(format,<time_shift>)

时间格式化函数。
注意，此函数可用于解析以下时间格式之一的宏：

• hh:mm:ss
• yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss[tz] (ISO8601 标准)
• unix 时间戳

参数：

• format - 必需的格式字符串， 与 strftime 函数格式兼容；
  
• time_shift （可选）- 在格式化之前应用于时间的时间偏移量；应以 -<N><time_unit> 或 +<N><time_unit>开头，其中：
  
  • N - 要添加或减去的时间单位数量；
  • time_unit - h (小时), d (天), w (周), M (月) or y (年)。

注释：

• time_shift 参数支持多步时间操作，可以包括/<time_unit> 用于将时间移动到时间单位的开始处 (/d - 午夜, /w - 上周的第一天（星期一）， /M - 上个月的第一天等)。 示例：-1w - 后退7天； -1w/w - 上周一； -1w/w+1d - 上周二。
• 在时间操作中，从左到右计算，没有优先级。例如 -1M/d+1h/w 将解析为 ((-1M/d)+1h)/w.

htmldecode

Decoding a macro value from HTML encoding.

The following characters are supported:

Example:

{{ITEM.VALUE}.htmldecode()} - HTML-decode a value like "&lt;" into "<"

htmlencode

Encoding a macro value into HTML encoding.

The following characters are supported:

Example:

{{ITEM.VALUE}.htmlencode()} - HTML-encode a character like "<" into "&lt;"

iregsub(pattern,output)

正则表达式匹配提取子字符串（不区分大小写）。

参数：

• pattern - 要匹配的正则表达式；
• output - 输出选项。支持 \1 - \9 占位符用于捕获组。 使用\0 返回匹配的文本。

注释：

• 如果函数中的 pattern 是一个不正确的正则表达式，则宏的计算结果将为 'UNKNOWN' （除了低级别发现宏，此时函数将被忽略，宏保持未解析状态）。

lowercase

Transformation of all macro value characters into lowercase. Works with single-byte character sets (such as ASCII) and does not support UTF-8.

Example:

{{ITEM.VALUE}.lowercase()} - transform a value like "Zabbix SERVER" into "zabbix server" (lowercase)

regrepl(pattern,replacement,<pattern2>,<replacement2>,...)

Replacement of character/substring in macro value. Note that this function is only supported with the libpcre2 library. If Zabbix server/proxy was compiled with libpcre, this function will return UNKNOWN.

Parameters:

• pattern - the regular expression to match;
• replacement - the replacement string.

Comments:

• The patterns and replacements are processed sequentially, with each subsequent pair being applied in accordance with the outcome of the previous replacement;
• This function also allows referencing captured groups in replacement strings using \1 to \9 placeholders.

Examples:

{{ITEM.VALUE}.regrepl("oldParam", "newParam")} - replace "oldParam" with "newParam"
{{ITEM.VALUE}.regrepl("([^a-z])","\\\1")} - escape all non-letter characters with a backslash
{{ITEM.VALUE}.regrepl("_v1\.0", "_v2.0", "\(final\)", "")} - replace multiple parts in item value

regsub(pattern,output)

通过正则表达式匹配进行子字符串提取（区分大小写）。

参数：

• pattern - 要匹配的正则表达式；
• output - 输出选项。支持使用\1 - \9 占位符来捕获分组。使用 \0 返回匹配的文本。

注释：

• 如果函数的 pattern 参数是不正确的正则表达式，则宏将评估为 'UNKNOWN' （除了低级别发现宏，在这种情况下，函数将被忽略，宏仍将保持未解析状态）。

示例：

tr(characters,replacement)

Transliteration of macro value characters.

• characters - the set of characters to replace;
• replacement - the set of positionally corresponding replacement characters.

Examples:

{{ITEM.VALUE}.tr(abc, xyz)} - replace all occurrences of "a" with "x", "b" with "y", "c" with "z"
{{ITEM.VALUE}.tr(abc, xyzq)} - replace all occurrences of "a" with "x", "b" with "y", "c" with "z" ("q" is ignored)
{{ITEM.VALUE}.tr(abcde, xyz)} - replace all occurrences of "a" with "x", "b" with "y", "c" with "z", "d" with "z", "e" with "z" (i.e. xyzzz)
{{ITEM.VALUE}.tr("\\\'", "\/\"")} - replace all occurrences of backslash with forward slash, ' with "
{{ITEM.VALUE}.tr(A-Z,a-z)} - convert all letters to lowercase
{{ITEM.VALUE}.tr(0-9a-z,*)} - replace all numbers and lowercase letters with "*"
{{ITEM.VALUE}.tr(0-9,ab)} - replace all occurrences of 0 with "a", and replace all occurrences of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 with "b"
{{ITEM.VALUE}.tr(0-9abcA-L,*)} - replace all numbers, "abc" characters, and A-L range with "*"
{{ITEM.VALUE}.tr("\n","*")} - replace end-of-line occurrences with *
{{ITEM.VALUE}.tr("e", "\n")} - replace all "e" to end-of-line

To include literal characters:

backslash - must be escaped as \\
single quote - must be escaped as \'
double quote - must be escaped as \"

Supported escape sequences with backslash:

\\\\ => \\ - double backslash to single backslash
\\a  => \a - alert
\\b  => \b - backspace
\\f  => \f - form feed
\\n  => \n - newline
\\r  => \r - return
\\t  => \t - horizontal tab
\\v  => \v - vertical tab

uppercase

Transformation of all macro value characters into uppercase. Works with single-byte character sets (such as ASCII) and does not support UTF-8.

Example:

{{ITEM.VALUE}.uppercase()} - transform a value like "Zabbix Server" into "ZABBIX SERVER" (uppercase)

urldecode

Decoding a macro value from URL encoding.

Example:

{{ITEM.VALUE}.urldecode()} - URL-decode a value like "%2F" into "/"

urlencode

Encoding a macro value into URL encoding.

Example:

{{ITEM.VALUE}.urlencode()} - URL-encode a character like "/" into "%2F"

Additional examples

The table below shows more examples of using macro functions.